Network-Constrained Joint Energy and Flexible Ramping Reserve Market Clearing of Power- and Heat-Based Energy Systems: A Two-Stage Hybrid IGDT–Stochastic Framework

This article proposes a new two-stage hybrid stochastic-information gap-decision theory (IGDT) based on the network-constrained unit commitment framework. The model is applied for market clearing of joint energy and flexible ramping reserve in integrated heat- power-based systems. uncertainties load demands wind power generation are studied using Monte Carlo simulation method IGDT, respectively. proposed considers both risk-averse risk-seeker strategies, which enables independent system operator to provide decisions meeting real-time dispatch. Moreover, effect feasible operating regions combined heat (CHP) plants operation cost investigated. implemented test verify effectiveness introduced analysis obtained results demonstrates that variation demand effective supplied by CHP units.